Proof that animals in circuses suffer
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1/ Observation :
Observation of animals held by a large French circus (Cirque Arlette Grüss):
2 / Signification
According to Mc Bride and Craig, these stereotypical behaviours "demonstrate failure to adapt appropriately and can therefore be considered a criterion in evaluating the long-term adequacy of housing environments for these animals."
According to I. Hannier, these behavioural disorders " indicate a chronic lack of well-being. "
According to F. Wemelsfelder, "stereotypical behaviour is proof of chronic suffering" .
Zoologist Fred Kurt believes that these stereotypical repetitive movements in elephants can be likened to human insanity ...
3/ Conclusion
These animals suffer from chronic ill-being due to the total incapacity of these itinerant structures to meet their behavioural needs.
4/ Solution
Enforcement of the law and consequently to forbid circuses from holding these animals. Article L.214-1 of the French Code Rural states that "all animals, as sentient beings, must be placed by their owners in conditions that are compatible with the biological needs of their species".
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BRIDE Mc, GLEN & CRAIG, J.V., "Environmental design and its evaluation for intensively housed animals" in Bresard B., 1985.
HANNIER I., in Le Point Vétérinaire vol.26 n°165, February 1995.
WEMELSFELDER, F., "The concept of animal boredom and its relationship to stereotyped behaviour" in: Lawrence, A.B. & Rushen, J. (Editors). Stereotypic Animal Behaviour. Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare. CAB International, UK,1993.
Images filmed in the Cirque Arlette Grüss menagerie in September 2005.
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